Morenberg, Max. 　著

内容

目次

1: IDENTIFYING VERB TYPES: What is Grammar?; The Implications of How WeDefine Grammar; Verbs are Central to Sentence Structure; Intransitive Verbs;Linking Verbs; Transitive Verbs; Two-Place Transitive Verbs; Two-PlaceTransitives: Vg Verbs; Vc Verbs; The Verb Be; Summary of Verb Types; Verbsand Slots and Nuclei; Verbs Can Change Categories; More Patterns and SomeReferences; Exercises: I. Writing Definitions II. Identifying Verb Types. 2:ANALYZING SENTENCES: Two Main Sentence Parts; Finding Subjects andPredicates; Constituents and the Colonel; Hierarchies; Diagraming and a Rideon the Author's Hobbyhorse; Prepositional Phrases; Adverbs Explained, Sortof; Multiple-Word Verbs; Exercises: I. Writing Definitions II. IdentifyingSentence Constituents. 3: EXPANDING VERB PHRASES: Verb Status; Tense and thePredicate; Tense; Mood, A Brief Definition; Modal Auxiliaries and ConditionalMood; What Happened to Future Tense?; Aspect; Perfect Aspect; PastParticiples; Progressive Aspect; Differentiating Participles from Adjectives;Putting Tense, Modality and Aspect Together; Principal Parts of Verbs;Exercises: I. Writing Definitions II. Changing Main-Verb Forms III.Identifying Verb Status and Analyzing Sentences. 4: EXPLORING NOUN PHRASES:Types of Nouns; Determiners; The Difference Between Determiners andAdjectives; Articles; Demonstratives; Possessive Pronouns; Numbers;Pre-articles; Post-noun Modifiers; Genitive Nouns (a.k.a. Possessive Nouns);Other Types of Pronouns; Personal Pronouns; Reflexive Pronouns; IndefinitePronouns; Exercises: I. Writing Definitions II. Identifying Noun Constituentsand Analyzing Sentences. 5: REARRANGING AND COMPOUNDING: Rearranging;Negative Sentences; Questions; Yes/No Questions; Wh-Questions; PassiveSentences; The Structure of Passives; Deleting by Phrases; Where Have All theConstituents Gone?; Adjectives or Past Participles?; Passives with Get;Negatives and Questions in Passives; MV Status in Passives; Sentences withThere; Expletives; Imperative Sentences; Understood You in ImperativeSentences; Diagraming Imperatives; The Status of Imperatives; Imperatives andNegatives; Compounding; Conjunctions; Punctuating Compounds; ConjunctiveAdverbs; Exercises: I. Writing Definitions II. Rearranging and CompoundingSentences III. Analyzing Sentences. 6: CONSTRUCTING RELATIVE CLAUSES:Clauses; Why Do You Combine Clauses?; Relative Clauses; The Structure andFunction of Relative Clauses; Where Relative Clauses are Embedded; TheStructure of Relative Clauses: The Way It Was; The Relation of a RelativeClause to Its Matrix Clause; Constructing Relative Clauses; Relatives;Relatives; Choosing a Relative Pronoun; Fronted Relatives and Functions;Deleting Object Noun Phrases; Embedding Relative Clauses into DependentClauses; Restrictive Clauses; Clauses; Relative Clauses; Grammar as aDiscrete Combinatorial System; Hierarchy as Underlying Design: Exercises: I.Writing Definitions II. Combining Sentences III. Breaking Out UnderlyingSentences IV. Analyzing Sentences. 7: REDUCING RELATIVE CLAUSES TO PHRASES:Reducing Relative Clauses; Present Participial Phrases; Past ParticipialPhrases; Prepositional Phrases; Constituency within Embedded Phrases;Single-Word Participles, Adverbs, and Adjectives; Restrictive Phrases;Parsing, Onion Peeling, and "Thermogrammatics": Some Irreverent Thoughts;Problems Identifying Constituents; Exercises I. Writing Definitions II.Breaking Out Underlying Sentences III. Combining Sentences IV. AnalyzingSentences. 8: MAKING NOUN CLAUSES, GERUNDS, AND INFINITIVES: That-Clauses;Distinguishing Noun Clauses from Relative Clauses; Moving That-Clauses;Wh-Clauses; Infinitives that Function as Nouns; Words that IntroduceInfinitives; Infinitives that Function as Adverbs; Gerunds; PuttingStructures and Processes Together; Exercises: I. Writing Definitions II.Breaking Out Underlying Sentences III. Combining Sentences IV. AnalyzingSentences. 9: ADDING MODIFIERS TO SENTENCES: Nonrestrictive Modifiers;Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses; Participial Phrases; Appositive Nouns andAdjectives; Appositive Noun Phrases; Appositive Adjective Phrases; AbsolutePhrases; Adverb Clauses; Putting Sentence Modifiers Together; A Final Word onTaking Sentences Apart; Exercises: I. Writing Definitions II. Breaking OutUnderlying Sentences III. Combining Sentences IV. Analyzing Sentences. 10:WHAT CAN YOU DO NOW THAT YOU CAN DO GRAMMAR? THE RHETORIC OF SENTENCES:Preview; Reflecting on Literature, Style, and Meaning; Getting Rid ofGibberish; Constructing Effective Sentences; Using Punctuation to ImproveSentence Effectiveness;