著者紹介

内容

目次

New Preface; Second Preface; First Preface; INTRODUCTION: ON THE STUDYOF PHILOSOPHY; PART I: PHILOSOPHY AND THE MEANING OF LIFE; Bertrand Russell:The Value of Philosophy; J.J. C. Smart: The Providence of Philosophy; ThomasNagel: The Absurd; Plato: Apology; PART II: GOD AND EVIL; Introduction; A.Why Believe?; Saint Anselm: The Ontological Argument; Saint Thomas Aquinas:The Existence of God; Blase Pascal: The Wager; Bertrand Russell: Why I Am Nota Theist; B. The Problem of Evil; David Hume: Dialogues; Gotfried Leibniz:God, Evil, and the Best of All Possible Worlds; Nelson Pike: Hume on Evil;J.L. Mackie: Evil and Omnipotence; PART III: KNOWLEDGE AND REALITY;Introduction; A. Classics of Epistemology; Rene Descartes: Meditations onFirst Philosophy; John Locke: Some Further Considerations Concerning OurSimple Ideas of Sensation; George Berkeley: Three Dialogues Between Hylas andPhilonous; David Hume: Of Skepticism with Regard to the Senses; David Hume:An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding; B. Perception; A.J. Ayer: TheArgument from Illusion; J.L. Austin: The Argument from Illusion; C.Induction, Causation, and Scientific Explanation; W.C. Salmon: The Problem ofInduction; G.E.M. Anscombe: Causality and Determination; Carl G. Hempel: Lawsand Their Role in Scientific Explanation; Paul Feyerabend: How to DefenSociety Against Science; Elizabeth Anderson: Knowledge, Human Interests, andObjectivity in Feminist Epistemology; PART IV: MINDS, BODIES, AND PERSONS;Introduction; A. The Traditonal Problem of Mind and Body; Bertrand Russell:The Argumetn from Analogy for Other Minds; Gilbert Ryle: Descartes' Myth;David Armstrong: The Nature of Mind; David Lewis: Mad Pain and Martian Pain;Paul Churchland: Eliminative Materialism; B. Minds, Brains, and Machines;Hilary Putnam: Turing Machines; Alan Turing: Computing Machinery andIntelligence; John Searle: Minds, Brains, and Programs; C. Consciousness;Thomas Nagel: What is it Like to be a Bat?; Frank Jackson: What Mary Didn'tKnow; David Lewis: Knowing What It's Like; D. Personal Identity andImmortality; John Perry: Dialogue Concerning Personal Identity andImmortality; E. Freedom, Determinism, and Responsibility; C.A. Campbell: Hasthe Self 'Free Will'?; David Hume: Of Liberty and Necessity; Richard Taylor:Freedom and Determinism; Harry Frankfurt: Freedom of Will and the Concept ofPerson; Peter Strawson: Freedom and Resentment; PART V: ETHICS AND SOCIETY;Introduction; A. Utilitarianism; Jeremy Bentham: Principle of Utility; JohnStuart Mill: Utilitarianism; E.F. Caritt: Criticisms of Utilitarianism;Bernard Williams: Utilitariansim and Integrity; Pete Singer: Famine,Affluence, and Morality; B. Kantian Ethics; Immanuel Kent: Groundwork of theMetaphysics of Morals; Onora O'Neill: Kantian Approaches to Some FamineProblems; Thomas Nagel: War and Massacre; C. Aristotelian Ethics; Aristotle:Nicomachean Ethics; Thomas Nagel: Aristotle on Eudaimonia; RosalindHutchinson: Virtue Theory and Abortion; D. Justice and Equality; John Rawls:A Theory of Justice; Robert Nozick: Justice and Entitlement; G.A. Cohen:Where the Action is: On the Side of Distributive Justice; Samuel Scheffler:Responsibility, Reactive Attitudes and Liberalism; John Stuart Mill: TheSubject of WOmen; Debra Satz: Markets in Women's Reproductive Labor; KwameAnthony Appiah: Racisms; E. Challenger to Morality; 1. Morality andSelf-Interest; Plato: The Republic; David Hume; Enquiry Concerning Principlesof Morals; David Gauthier: Morality and Advantage; J.L. Mackie: The Law ofthe Jungle: Moral Alternatives and the Principles of Evolution; 2.Subjectivism: Relativism, and Skepticism; J.L. Mackie: The Subjectivity ofValues; Gilbert Harman: Ethics and Observation; Nicholas L. Sturgeon: MoralExplanations; PART VI: PUZZLES AND PARADOXES; A. Zeno's Paradox; Achilles andthe Tortoise; The Racehorse; The Argument Against Plurality; B. Puzzles andParadoxes from Metaphysics and Epistemology; The Paradox of Identity; TheParadox of the Heap; The Surprise Examination; Goodman's New Riddle ofInduction; C. Problems of Rational Decision; The Prisoner's Dilemna;Newcomb's Problem; Kavka's Toxin Puzzle; Quinn's Puzzle of the Self-Torturer;D. Paradoxes of Logic, Set Theory, and Semantics; The Paradox of the Liar;Other Versions of the Liar; Russell's Paradox; Grelling's Paradox; Glossaryof Philosophical Terms