Due to injuries sustained in sports and in combat, interest in traumatic brain injury (TBI) has never been greater. This book fills a gap in the understanding of what is occurring in the brain following injury that can subsequently be detected in biological fluids and in imaging. This knowledge is useful to all researchers and clinicians interested in the biochemical and structural sequelae underpinning clinical manifestations of TBI and will help guide appropriate patient management. Current and prospective biomarkers for assessment of traumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly mild TBI, are examined using a multidisciplinary approach involving biochemistry, molecular biology, and clinical chemistry. The medical application of biomarkers for TBI, which is becoming a "hot" topic, was discussed in the plenary session, "Biomarkers and TBI," at the International Conference on Recent Advances in Neurotraumatology (ICRAN 2010, St Petersburg, Russia, July 2010). This book incorporates the presentations of outstanding researchers and clinicians in the area and describes advanced proteomic and degradomic technologies in the development of novel biomarker assays. The focus of this volume is on detection of blood-based biomarkers to improve diagnostic certainty of mild TBI in conjunction with radiological and clinical findings. The book will enhance the knowledge of scientists, pharmacologists, chemists, medical students, and graduate students. This book has contributions from internationally recognized researchers at the forefront of current traumatic brain injury research - many of whom are recipients of grants and contracts from the United States Department of Defense for research specifically on developing diagnostic tests for TBI.