目次

Section I. Molecular Pathology of Pediatric Neoplasms: General Principles1. Principles of Molecular Biology1.1. Nucleic acid structure, composition and organization1.2. Gene structure, organization, expression1.3. Chromosome structure1.4. Circulating nucleic acid1.5. Mitochondrial DNA2. Molecular Oncogenesis2.1. Oncogenes2.2. Tumor suppressor genes2.3. Genomic alterations2.4. Oncogenic viruses2.5. Genomic landscape of pediatric neoplasms3. Molecular Testing in Oncology3.1. Indications3.2. Considerations for selection of a molecular test3.3. Ethical considerations3.4. Specimen requirements3.5. Specimen collection and processing3.6. Interpretation of molecular testing results4. Molecular Methods in Oncology: Targeted Mutational Analysis4.1. PCR-based techniques4.2. FISH5. Molecular Methods in Oncology: Genomic Analysis5.1. Next-generation sequencing5.2. Chromosomal microarray6. Molecular Targeted Therapy of Pediatric NeoplasmsSection II. Molecular Pathology of Specific Pediatric Neoplasms7. Hematolymphoid System7.1. Childhood leukemias7.2. Childhood myelodysplastic syndrome7.3. Childhood lymphomas8. Nervous System8.1. Gliomas8.1.1. Low-grade gliomas8.1.2. High-grade gliomas8.1.3. Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma8.2. Astrocytomas8.2.1. Low-grade astrocytomas8.2.2. High-grade astrocytoma8.2.3. Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma8.3. Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors8.4. Ependymoma8.5. Subependymal giant cell tumor8.6. Medulloblastoma8.7. Craniopharyngioma8.8. Choroid plexus tumors8.9. Retinoblastoma9. Neuroblastoma and neuroblastic tumors10. Skin, Soft Tissue and Bone10.1. Melanocytic neoplasms10.2. Langerhans cell histiocytosis10.3. Nodular fasciitis10.4. Fibromatosis10.5. Rhadomyosarcoma10.6. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor10.7. Ewing sarcoma family10.8. Synovial sarcoma10.9. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor10.10. Vascular neoplasms10.11. Giant cell tumor 10.12. Aneurysmal bone cyst10.13. Fibrous dysplasia/McCune-Albright syndrome10.14. Osteoblastoma10.15. Osteosarcoma10.16. Rare pediatric soft tissue neoplasms11. Head and Neck11.1. Salivary gland neoplasms11.2. Thyroid and parathyroid neoplasms12. Cardiovascular and Respiratory System12.1. Pleuropulmonary blastoma12.2. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor12.3. Histiocytoid cardiomyopathy13. Gastrointestinal Tract13.1. Gastrointestinal stromal tumor13.2. Juvenile polyposis syndrome13.3. Familial adenomatous polyposis13.4. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome13.5. Cronkhite-Canada syndrome13.6. PTEN hamartoma tumor syndromes13.7. Cowden syndrome13.8. Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome14. Liver and Pancreas14.1. Hepatoblastoma14.2. Hepatocellular carcinoma14.3. Pancreatoblastoma15. Genitourinary15.1. Wilms tumor15.2. MITF/TFE family translocation-associated carcinoma