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AUTHOR BIOGRAPHIES DEDICATIONS PREFACE INTRODUCTION Visual Communication Dominates the 21st Century VISUAL PERCEPTION Chapter 1 Perception Theory: A Neurological Perspective on Visual Communication Ann Marie Barry, Boston College Chapter 2 Using Eye Tracking to See How Children Read Interactive Storybooks with Supplemental or Incidental Digital Features Stacey Tyler and Sheree Josephson, Weber State University VISUAL COGNITION Chapter 3 Visual Cognition Maria Elizabeth Grabe, Indiana University Chapter 4 Visual-Verbal Redundancy and College Choice: Does the Level of Redundancy in Student Recruitment Advertisements Affect High School Students’ Decision-Making Process? Tracy M. Rutledge, The University of Tennessee at Martin AESTHETICS Chapter 5 Aesthetics Theory: Aesthetic Experience as a Communicative Tool in the 21st Century Suzanne Mooney, Tama Art University Chapter 6 Applying Aesthetic Principles to Tell Stories through Photojournalism: Taking a Look Back at my Memorable Images Kim Komenich, San Francisco State University 　 VISUAL RHETORIC Chapter 7 Visual Rhetoric: Theory, Method, and Application in the Modern World Tracy Owens Patton, University of Wyoming Chapter 8 Trump as Global Spectacle: The Visual Rhetoric of Magazine Covers Janis Teruggi Page, University of Illinois at Chicago VISUAL SEMIOTICS Chapter 9 Visual Semiotics Theory: Introduction to the Science of Signs Dennis Dunleavy, Benedictine College Chapter 10 Jordanian Banknote Design: A Social Semiotic Analysis Shaima Elbardawil, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates Chapter 11 The Myth of the American Landscape: Photography and the Semiotics of Nature Kathleen M. Ryan, University of Colorado, Boulder CULTURAL STUDIES Chapter 12 Cultural Studies Theory: The Production and Consumption of Meaning Victoria O’Donnell, Montana State University Chapter 13 Altering the Body/Altering Communication: Using Cultural Studies Theory to Examine Interactions Related to Body Modification Julianne Friesen Atwood and Cindy Price Schultz, University of Wyoming VISUAL ETHNOGRAPHY Chapter 14 Visual Ethnography: From Visual to Networked to Multimodal Practice Matthew Durington and Samuel Gerald Collins, Towson University Chapter 15 Oppositional Articulations: An Ethnographic Study with Black Artists in Austin, Texas Krishnan Vasudevan, University of Maryland at College Park VISUAL NARRATIVE Chapter 16 Narrative Theory: Visual Storytelling Trischa Goodnow, Oregon State University Chapter 17 Performing the Past in the Present: Prosperity Junction, Public Memory, and American Identity Travis L. Cox, McLennan Community College MEDIA AESTHETICS Chapter 18Applied Media Aesthetics: Encoding and Decoding Meta-Messages Herbert Zettl, San Francisco State University and James D. Kelly, Indiana University Chapter 19 Understanding X-ray Images: A Medi(c)a(l) Aesthetics Approach Lawrence J. Mullen, University of Nevada, Las Vegas DIGITAL MEDIA Chapter 20 Digital Media Theory: From One Way to Multidirectional Communication Megan A. Moreno and Jonathan D. D’Angelo, University of Wisconsin Chapter 21 Google Doodles and Collective Memory-Making Bob Britten, West Virginia University Chapter 22 Profile Pictures Across Platforms: How Identity Visually Manifests Itself Among Social Media Accounts T. J. Thomson, Queensland University of Technology and Keith Greenwood, University of Missouri VISUAL INTERTEXTUALITY Chapter 23 Visual Intertextuality Theory: Exploring Political Communication and Visual Intertextuality through Meme Wars Sherice Gearhart, Bingbing Zhang, David D. Perlmutter, and Gordana Lazi?, Texas Tech University Chapter 24 What Makes an Internet Meme a Meme? Five Essential Characteristics Maria D. Molina, Penn State University VISUAL ETHICS Chapter 25 Visual Ethics: A Dynamic of Process and Meaning Julianne H. Newton, University of Oregon Chapter 26 ‘Stolen Valor,’ Moral Panic, and the Ethics of Digital Vigilantism Christine M. Miller and Nicholas F. S. Burnett, California State University, Sacramento VISUAL LITERACY Chapter 27 Visual Literacy Theory: Moving Forward Maria D. Avgerinou, Institute of Innovation and Creativity, ACS Athens, Greece, and Rune Pettersson, Institute of Infology, Stockholm, Sweden Chapter 28 Fakes, Forgery, and Facebook: An Examination of Visual Literacy in the Era of Manipulated Images, Fake News, and Alternative Facts 　Anthony Cepak and T. J. Mesyn, Michigan State University Index