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Part I: Understanding, Controlling, and Preventing Infectious Diseases A. Epidemiology and Control of Infectious Diseases 1 Principles of Epidemiology and Public Health 2 Pediatric Infection Prevention and Control 3 Infections Associated with Group Childcare 4 Infectious Diseases in Refugee and Internationally Adopted Children B. Prevention of Infectious Diseases 5 Passive Immunization 6 Active Immunization 7 Chemoprophylaxis 8 Protection of Travelers C. Host Defenses against Infectious Diseases 9 Immunologic Development and Susceptibility to Infection 10 Fever and the Inflammatory Response Part II: Clinical Syndromes and Cardinal Features of Infectious Diseases: Approach to Diagnosis and Initial Management A. Septicemia, Toxin- and Inflammation-Mediated Syndromes 11 The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), Sepsis, and Septic Shock 12 Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Macrophage Activation Syndrome B. Cardinal Symptom Complexes 13 Mucocutaneous Symptom Complexes 14 Fever without Localizing Signs 15 Prolonged, Recurrent and Periodic Fever Syndromes 16 Lymphatic System and Generalized Lymphadenopathy 17 Cervical Lymphadenitis and Neck Infections 18 Mediastinal and Hilar Lymphadenopathy 19 Abdominal and Retroperitoneal Lymphadenopathy 20 Localized Lymphadenitis, Lymphadenopathy, and Lymphangitis 21 Respiratory Tract Symptom Complexes 22 Abdominal Symptom Complexes 23 Neurologic Symptom Complexes 24 Musculoskeletal Symptom Complexes C. Oral Infections and Upper and Middle Respiratory Tract Infections 25 Infections of the Oral Cavity 26 The Common Cold 27 Pharyngitis 28 Infections Related to the Upper and Middle Airways 29 Otitis Media 30 Otitis Externa and Necrotizing Otitis Externa 31 Mastoiditis 32 Sinusitis D. Lower Respiratory Tract Infections 33 Bronchiolitis 34 Acute Pneumonia and Its Complications 35 Persistent and Recurrent Pneumonia 36 Pneumonia in the Immunocompromised Host E. Cardiac and Vascular Infections 37 Endocarditis and Other Intravascular Infections 38 Myocarditis 39 Pericarditis F. Central Nervous System Infections 40 Acute Bacterial Meningitis beyond the Neonatal Period 41 Chronic Meningitis 42 Recurrent Meningitis 43 Aseptic and Viral Meningitis 44 Encephalitis 45 Para- and Postinfectious Neurologic Syndromes 46 Focal Suppurative Infections of the Nervous System 47 Eosinophilic Meningitis 48 Prion Diseases G. Genitourinary Tract Infections 49 Urinary Tract Infections 50 Renal Abscess and Other Complex Renal Infections 51 Sexually Transmitted Infection Syndromes 52 Skin and Mucous Membrane Infections and Inguinal Lymphadenopathy 53 Urethritis, Vulvovaginitis, and Cervicitis 54 Pelvic Inflammatory Disease 55 Epididymitis, Orchitis, and Prostatitis 56 Infectious Diseases in Child Abuse H. Gastrointestinal Tract Infections and Intoxications 57 Approach to the Diagnosis and Management of Gastrointestinal Tract Infections 58 Viral Gastroenteritis 59 Inflammatory Enteritis 60 Necrotizing Enterocolitis 61 Enteric Diseases Transmitted through Food, Water, and Zoonotic Exposures I. Intra-Abdominal Infections 62 Acute Hepatitis 63 Chronic Hepatitis 64 Granulomatous Hepatitis 65 Acute Pancreatitis 66 Cholecystitis and Cholangitis 67 Peritonitis 68 Appendicitis 69 Intra-Abdominal, Visceral, and Retroperitoneal Abscesses J. Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections 70 Superficial Bacterial Skin Infections and Cellulitis 71 Erythematous Macules and Papules 72 Vesicles and Bullae 73 Purpura 74 Urticaria and Erythema Multiforme 75 Papules, Nodules, and Ulcers 76 Subcutaneous Tissue Infections and Abscesses 77 Myositis, Pyomyositis, and Necrotizing Fasciitis K. Bone and Joint Infections 78 Osteomyelitis 79 Infectious and Inflammatory Arthritis 80 Diskitis 81 Transient Synovitis L. Eye Infections 82 Conjunctivitis in the Neonatal Period (Ophthalmia Neonatorum) 83 Conjunctivitis beyond the Neonatal Period 84 Infective Keratitis 85 Uveitis, Retinitis, and Chorioretinitis 86 Endophthalmitis 87 Periorbital and Orbital Infections M. Infections Related to Trauma 88 Infection following Trauma 89 Infection following Burns 90 Infection following Bites 91 Infections Related to Pets and Exotic Animals 92 Tickborne Infections N. Infections of the Fetus and Newborn 93 Clinical Approach to the Infected Neonate 94 Bacterial Infections in the Neonate 95 Viral Infections in the Fetus and Neonate 96 Hospital-Associated Infections in the Neonate O. Infections and Transplantation 97 Infections in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients 98 Infections in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients P. Infections and Cancer 99 Fever and Granulocytopenia 100 Infections in Children with Cancer Q. Infections Associated with Hospitalization and Medical Devices 101 Healthcare-Associated Infections 102 Clinical Syndromes of Device-Associated Infections R. Infections in Patients with Deficient Defenses 103 Evaluation of the Child with Suspected Immunodeficiency 104 Infectious Complications of Antibody Deficiency 105 Infectious Complications of Complement Deficiencies 106 Infectious Complications of Dysfunction or Deficiency of Polymorphonuclear and Mononuclear Phagocytes 107 Infectious Complications of Cell-Mediated Immunity Other Than AIDS: Primary Immunodeficiencies 108 Infectious Complications in Special Hosts S. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome 109 Epidemiology and Prevention of HIV Infection in Children and Adolescents 110 Immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 Infection 111 Diagnosis and Clinical Manifestations of HIV Infection 112 Infectious Complications of HIV Infection 113 Management of HIV Infection Part III: Etiologic Agents of Infectious Diseases A. Bacteria 114 Classification of Bacteria Gram-Positive Cocci 115 Staphylococcus aureus 116 Staphylococcus epidermidis and Other Coagulase- Negative Staphylococci 117 Classification of Streptococci 118 Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus) 119 Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus) 120 Enterococcus Species 121 Viridans Streptococci, Abiotrophia and Granulicatella Species, and Streptococcus bovis 122 Groups C and G Streptococci 123 Streptococcus pneumoniae 124 Other Gram-Positive, Catalase-Negative Cocci Gram-Negative Cocci 125 Neisseria meningitidis 126 Neisseria gonorrhoeae 127 Other Neisseria Species Gram-Positive Bacilli 128 Archanobacterium haemolyticum 129 Bacillus Species (Anthrax) 130 Corynebacterium diphtheriae 131 Other Corynebacteria 132 Listeria monocytogenes 133 Other Gram-Positive Bacilli 134 Mycobacterium tuberculosis 135 Mycobacterium Species Non-tuberculosis 136 Nocardia Species Enterobacteriaceae: Gram-Negative Bacilli 137 Escherichia coli 138 Klebsiella and Raoultella Species 139 Klebsiella (Calymmatobacterium) granulomatis (Granuloma Inguinale) 140 Enterobacter, Cronobacter, and Pantoea Species 141 Citrobacter Species 142 Less Commonly Encountered Enterobacteriaceae 143 Plesiomonas shigelloides 144 Proteus, Providencia, and Morganella Species 145 Serratia Species 146 Salmonella Species 147 Shigella Species 148 Yersinia Species Nonenterobacteriaceae: Gram-Negative Bacilli 149 Acinetobacter Species 150 Aeromonas Species 151 Less Commonly Encountered Nonenteric Gram-Negative Bacilli 152 Eikenella, Pasteurella, and Chromobacterium Species 153 Moraxella and Psychrobacter Species 154 Pseudomonas Species and Related Organisms 155 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 156 Burkholderia cepacia Complex and Other Burkholderia Species 157 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia 158 Vibrio cholerae (Cholera) 159 Other Vibrio Species Gram-Negative Coccobacilli 160 Bartonella Species (Cat-Scratch Disease) 161 Brucella Species (Brucellosis) 162 Bordetella pertussis (Pertussis) and Other Bordetella Species 163 Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli 164 Other Campylobacter Species 165 Capnocytophaga Species 166 Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) pneumoniae 167 Chlamydia trachomatis 168 Chlamydophila (Chlamydia) psittaci (Psittacosis) 169 Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) 170 Ehrlichia and Anaplasma Species (Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis) 171 Francisella tularensis (Tularemia) 172 Haemophilus influenzae 173 Other Haemophilus Species 174 Helicobacter pylori 175 Other Gastric and Enterohepatic Helicobacter Species 176 Kingella Species 177 Legionella Species 178 Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever) 179 Other Rickettsia Species 180 Streptobacillus moniliformis (Rat-Bite Fever) 181 Other Gram-Negative Coccobacilli Treponemataceae (Spiral Organisms) 182 Treponema pallidum (Syphilis) 183 Other Treponema Species 184 Leptospira Species (Leptospirosis) 185 Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme Disease) 186 Other Borrelia Species and Spirillum minus Anaerobic Bacteria 187 Anaerobic Bacteria: Classification, Normal Flora, and Clinical Concepts 188 Clostridium tetani (Tetanus) 189 Clostridium botulinum (Botulism) 190 Clostridium difficile 191 Other Clostridium Species 192 Bacteroides and Prevotella Species and Other Gram-Negative Bacilli 193 Fusobacterium Species 194 Anaerobic Cocci 195 Anaerobic Gram-Positive, Nonsporulating Bacilli (including Actinomycosis) Mycoplasma 196 Mycoplasma pneumoniae 197 Other Mycoplasma Species 198 Ureaplasma urealyticum Diseases of Possible Infectious or Unknown Etiology 199 Kawasaki Disease 200 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome B. Viruses 201 Classification of Human Viruses DNA Viruses: Poxviridae 202 Poxviridae DNA Viruses: Herpesviridae 203 Introduction to Herpesviridae 204 Herpes Simplex Virus 205 Varicella-Zoster Virus 206 Cytomegalovirus 207 Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7 (Roseola, Exanthem Subitum) 208 Epstein-Barr Virus (Mononucleosis and Lymphoproliferative Disorders) 209 Human Herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi Sarcoma- Associated Herpesvirus) DNA Viruses: Adenoviridae 210 Adenoviruses DNA Viruses: Papovaviridae 211 Human Papillomaviruses 212 BK, JC, and Other Human Polyomaviruses DNA Viruses: Hepadnaviridae 213 Hepatitis B and Hepatitis D Viruses DNA Viruses: Parvoviridae 214 Human Parvoviruses RNA Viruses: Reoviridae 215 Coltivirus (Colorado Tick Fever 216 Rotaviruses RNA Viruses: Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Bunyaviridae 217 Togaviridae: Alphaviruses 218 Flaviviruses 219 Bunyaviruses 220 Hepatitis C Virus 221 Rubella Virus RNA Viruses: Coronaviridae 222 Human Coronaviruses RNA Viruses: Paramyxoviridae 223 Parainfluenza Viruses 224 Mumps Virus 225 Respiratory Syncytial Virus 226 Human Metapneumovirus 227 Rubeola Virus (Measles and Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis) RNA Viruses: Rhabdoviridae 228 Rabies Virus RNA Viruses: Orthomyxoviridae 229 Influenza Viruses RNA Viruses: Arenaviridae and Filoviridae 230 Filoviruses and Arenaviruses RNA Viruses: Retroviridae 231 Introduction to Retroviridae 232 Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Viruses 233 Human Immunodeficiency Viruses RNA Viruses: Picornaviridae 234 Introduction to Picornaviridae 235 Polioviruses 236 Enteroviruses and Parechoviruses 237 Hepatitis A Virus 238 Rhinoviruses RNA Viruses: Caliciviridae 239 Caliciviruses 240 Astroviruses 241 Hepatitis E Virus and Other Newly Identified Viruses C. Fungi 242 Classification of Fungi 243 Candida Species 244 Aspergillus Species 245 Agents of Hyalohyphomycosis and Phaeohyphomycosis 246 Agents of Mucormycosis (Zygomycosis) 247 Malassezia Species 248 Sporothrix schenckii (Sporotrichosis) 249 Cryptococcus Species 250 Histoplasma capsulatum (Histoplasmosis) 251 Pneumocystis jirovecii 252 Blastomyces dermatitidis (Blastomycosis) 253 Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii (Coccidiomycosis) 254 Dermatophytes and Other Superficial Fungi 255 Agents of Eumycotic Mycetoma: Pseudallescheria boydii (Anamorph Scedosporium apiospermum) D. Human Parasites and Vectors 256 Classification of Parasites 257 Ectoparasites (Lice and Scabies) Protozoa 258 Babesia Species (Babesiosis) 259 Balantidium coli 260 Blastocystis Species 261 Cryptosporidium Species 262 Endolimax nana 263 Entamoeba histolytica (Amebiasis) 264 Other Entamoeba, Amebas, and Intestinal Flagellates 265 Giardia intestinalis (Giardiasis) 266 Cystoisospora (Isospora) and Cyclospora Species 267 Leishmania Species (Leishmaniasis) 268 Microsporidia 269 Naegleria fowleri 270 Acanthamoeba Species 271 Plasmodium Species (Malaria) 272 Sarcocystis Species 273 Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasmosis) 274 Trichomonas vaginalis 275 Trypanosoma Species (Trypanosomiasis) Nematodes 276 Intestinal Nematodes 277 Tissue Nematodes 278 Blood and Tissue Nematodes (Filarial Worms) Cestodes 279 Diphyllobothrium, Dipylidium, and Hymenolepis Species 280 Taenia solium, Taenia asiatica, and Taenia saginata (Taeniasis and Cysticercosis) 281 Echinococcus Species (Agents of Cystic, Alveolar, and Polycystic Echinococcosis) 282 Taenia (Multiceps) multiceps and Taenia serialis (Coenurosis) Trematodes 283 Intestinal Trematodes 284 Clonorchis, Opisthorchis, Fasciola, and Paragonimus Species 285 Blood Trematodes (Schistosomiasis) Part IV: Laboratory Diagnosis and Therapy of Infectious Diseases A. The Clinician and the Laboratory 286 Laboratory Diagnosis of Infection Due to Bacteria, Fungi, Parasites, and Rickettsiae 287 Laboratory Diagnosis of Infection Due to Viruses, Chlamydia, Chlamydophila, and Mycoplasma 288 Laboratory Manifestations of Infectious Diseases B. Anti-Infective Therapy 289 Principles of Anti-Infective Therapy 290 Mechanisms and Detection of Antibiotic Resistance 291 Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Basis of Optimal Antibiotic Therapy 292 Antimicrobial Agents 293 Antifungal Agents 294 Topical Antimicrobial Agents 295 Antiviral Agents 296 Antiparasitic Agents