The Carl Menger Collection is the private book collection of Professor Carl Menger (1840-1921), founder of the Austrian school of economics and advocate of marginal utility theory, who made an indelible mark on economics history with one of the fundamental currents of modern economics. In 1922, thanks to the efforts of an exchange student at what was then the Tokyo University of Commerce, the collection passed into the hands of Hitotsubashi University, and now ranks as one of the world's four big economics libraries alongside the Goldsmiths Library of Economic Literature at the University of London; Harvard's Kress Library of Business and Economics, and Columbia University's Seligman Library, placing it at the pinnacle of the many foreign antiquarian book collections that have found their way to Japan.